How is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) primarily diagnosed?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is primarily diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation of behavior and symptoms. This process typically involves gathering information from multiple sources, such as parents, teachers, and the individual being assessed. Clinicians look for patterns of behavior consistent with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and consider the onset, duration, and degree of impairment caused by these symptoms.

The evaluation may include standardized behavior rating scales, interviews, and observations. By taking this comprehensive and multi-informant approach, clinicians can ensure a more accurate diagnosis as ADHD symptoms can manifest in various settings and may be influenced by different factors.

Other methods mentioned, such as self-reported questionnaires or school performance assessments, can play a supportive role in the diagnostic process but do not serve as standalone diagnostic tools. Neuroimaging techniques are not typically used for the diagnosis of ADHD, as they do not provide definitive evidence of the disorder. Thus, the comprehensive evaluation approach is essential for capturing the complexities of ADHD and tailoring appropriate interventions.