Negative symptoms in schizophrenia might include which of the following?

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia refer to a decrease or loss of normal functions and behaviors. They are characterized by the absence of typical emotional responses, social engagement, and motivation. Among the given options, flat affect accurately represents this category of symptoms. It describes a lack of emotional expression, where an individual may appear emotionally disconnected or unresponsive, which aligns with the concept of negative symptoms.

In contrast, elevated mood, increased pleasure, and excessive talking can be associated with positive symptoms or, in certain contexts, other mental health conditions but do not reflect the absence of normal functioning that characterizes negative symptoms. Elevated mood suggests an overstated emotional state, while increased pleasure and excessive talking indicate heightened affect or activity rather than a reduction. Thus, identifying flat affect as a negative symptom is fundamental to understanding its role in schizophrenia and how it impacts an individual's overall functioning.