What are the primary signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

The primary signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include recurring unwanted thoughts, known as obsessions, and repetitive behaviors, referred to as compulsions. Individuals with OCD often experience distress due to these intrusive thoughts and feel compelled to engage in specific behaviors or rituals to alleviate their anxiety. For example, a person may have persistent fears of contamination, leading them to wash their hands repeatedly or avoid certain objects or situations entirely. This cycle of obsession followed by compulsion is central to OCD and distinguishes it from other mental health disorders.

The other options refer to symptoms associated with different mental health conditions. Social withdrawal and avoidance are more characteristic of social anxiety disorder, while intense fear of social situations specifically describes anxiety. Severe mood swings and irritability are typical symptoms of mood disorders, rather than OCD. Understanding the specific symptoms of OCD helps to differentiate it from other disorders and aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment.