What characteristics are indicative of a psychotic episode?

A psychotic episode is primarily characterized by the presence of delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs that are not based in reality and can lead an individual to interpret situations in a distorted manner. For example, they may believe they are being persecuted or that they have extraordinary powers. Hallucinations involve perceiving things that are not present, such as hearing voices or seeing things that aren't there. These symptoms can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function and can cause great distress.

Other characteristics listed in the options pertain to different mental health conditions. Depression and anxiety are mood disorders characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or worry, respectively, but do not specifically denote psychotic episodes. Obsessions and compulsions are hallmarks of obsessive-compulsive disorder, where individuals may have intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and feel compelled to perform certain behaviors (compulsions) to alleviate anxiety. Lastly, fear and avoidance are typically associated with anxiety disorders or phobias, where individuals may go to great lengths to avoid triggers that cause them distress.

In summary, the defining features of a psychotic episode are best represented by delusions and hallucinations, as these are core symptoms that differentiate psychosis from other mental health issues.