What is typically included in a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?

In a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), persistent feelings of worthlessness are a key symptom that aligns with the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This symptom reflects the significant emotional and cognitive aspects of depression, where individuals often experience intense self-criticism and a negative self-image. This pervasive sense of worthlessness contributes to the overall impact of MDD on an individual's functioning and emotional well-being.

In addition to feelings of worthlessness, a diagnosis of MDD typically requires the presence of other symptoms, such as depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating, among others. The inclusion of persistent feelings of worthlessness emphasizes the severity of the disorder and is crucial for establishing the diagnosis.

Hypomanic episodes and manic episodes are not included in the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, as their presence indicates a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder instead. Psychogenic amnesia, which pertains to memory loss usually related to psychological factors, is not a symptom specifically associated with MDD and would not be a criterion for diagnosis. Thus, persistent feelings of worthlessness stand out as an essential feature in the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder.