Which condition is characterized by episodes of extreme mood swings between mania and depression?

The condition characterized by episodes of extreme mood swings between mania and depression is Bipolar Disorder. This mental health condition involves significant shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.

During manic episodes, individuals may experience heightened energy, euphoria, or irritability, along with an increase in risky behaviors and decreased need for sleep. In contrast, during depressive episodes, they may feel profound sadness, hopelessness, a loss of interest in activities, and difficulty functioning. These mood fluctuations can vary in frequency and duration, which is a hallmark of bipolar disorder.

Understanding the mood states and their impact on an individual’s life is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. The other conditions listed—Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Dysthymia, and Social Anxiety Disorder—do not involve the cyclical mood patterns seen in bipolar disorder, making it distinct and important to identify correctly.