Which psychological condition is characterized by extreme mood swings?

The condition characterized by extreme mood swings is Cyclothymic Disorder. This psychological condition is marked by alternating periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that are less severe than those found in full-blown bipolar disorder. While individuals with cyclothymic disorder experience significant changes in mood, these fluctuations are not as intense or prolonged as those seen in bipolar I or II disorders.

This condition involves cycles that can last for days to months, including times of elevated mood (hypomania) followed by periods of depressive symptoms. The chronic nature of these mood disturbances, lasting for at least two years in adults (or one year in children and adolescents), differentiates cyclothymic disorder from other mood disorders.

Understanding this condition involves recognizing that it is not simply about feeling happy or sad; it captures a broader spectrum of emotional experiences that significantly impact one's daily functioning and relationships, but without the severity of manic or major depressive episodes associated with other disorders.